• Vitamin A is vital for a healthy immune system, bone growth, vision, cell recognition and reproduction. Vitamin A often works as an antioxidant, fighting cell damage, but it also has many other uses. It has a vital role in the formation of heart, lungs, and kidney.
• Other functions of vitamin A include the formation and maintenance of teeth, bones, soft tissue, white blood cells, the immune system and mucus membranes. 
• Most people get enough vitamin A from their diets. However, a doctor might suggest vitamin A supplements to people who have vitamin A deficiencies. People most likely to have vitamin A deficiency are those with diseases (such as digestive disorders) or very poor diets.

• Vitamin A is used for improving the eyesight, maintaining cells of the skin and the lining of the digestive, urinary and respiratory tracts.
• It also helps in the formation of red and white blood cells in our body that are important to carry out the various essential functions of our body.
• Topical and oral retinoids are common prescription treatments for acne and other skin conditions, including wrinkles. 
• Oral vitamin A is also used as a treatment for measles and dry eye in people with low levels of vitamin A. 
• Vitamin A is also used for a specific type of leukemia.
• Vitamin A has been studied as a treatment for many other conditions, including cancers, cataracts, and HIV. However, the results are inconclusive.

• Night blindness
• A higher risk of infections, especially in the throat, chest, and abdomen
• Follicular hyperkeratosis, leading to dry, bumpy skin.
• Fertility issues
• Delayed growth in children
• Symptoms of vitamin A toxicity include dry skin, joint pain, vomiting, headaches, confusion.

• If you take too much of Vitamin A, it can lead to birth defects, abnormalities of the liver and disorders of the central nervous system.
• It can also decrease bone mineral density, leading to an increased risk of osteoporosis.
• This is because an excess of Vitamin A suppresses the building up of bones and increases its breakdown.
• The rate of calcium absorption by Vitamin D can also get affected due to excess of Vitamin A. Therefore, it is advised to use Vitamin A only as directed by your doctor.
• Interactions. Vitamin A supplements may interact with some birth control pills, blood thinners (Coumadin), acne medicines (isotretinoin), cancer treatments, and many other drugs.
• People who drink heavily or have kidney or liver disease shouldn’t take vitamin A supplements without talking to a doctor.

Vitamin B1 is found in many foods including yeast, cereal grains, beans, nuts, and
meat. It is often used in combination with other B vitamins, and found in many
vitamin B complex products.

It is used for the treatment and prevention of vitamin B1 deficiency. It is also used to
treat Beriberi and Wernicke's encephalopathy.

 Allergic reaction
 Skin irritation
 Cough
 Decreased blood pressure
 Difficulty in swallowing
 Breathlessness
 Facial swelling
 Increased sweating

Vitamin B1 is LIKELY SAFE for pregnant or breast-feeding women if taken in proper
quantity.
Alcoholics and people with cirrhosis often have low levels of Vitamin B1. Nerve pain
in alcoholism can be worsened by Vitamin B1 deficiency. These people might
require Vitamin B1 supplements.
People undergoing hemodialysis treatments might have low levels of Vitamin B1. 
People with heart failure might have low levels of Vitamin B1. 
People that are critically ill such as those that had surgery might have low levels of
Vitamin B1.

Vitamin B6 is a water-soluble vitamin. Water-soluble vitamins dissolve in water so the body cannot store them.Vitamin B6 is a group of related compounds. It is necessary for maintaining important functions in the body such as glucose and amino acid metabolism, production of RBCs, proper functioning of the nervous system, etc

• Vitamin B6 is used to treat or prevent vitamin B6 deficiency.
• It is also used to treat a certain type of anemia (lack of red blood cells).
• This medicine injection is also used to treat some types of seizure in babies.
• Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) provides essential nutrients.
• Vitamin B6 helps the body to:
• Make antibodies. Antibodies are needed to fight many diseases.
• Maintain normal nerve function.
• Make hemoglobin. Hemoglobin carries oxygen in the red blood cells to the tissues. A vitamin B6 deficiency can cause a form of anemia.
• Break down proteins. The more protein you eat, the more vitamin B6 you need.
• Keep blood sugar (glucose) in normal ranges.
• Vitamin B6 is being studied in the prevention of hand-foot syndrome

• Clumsiness
• Numbness of hands or feet
• Unsteady walk
• Sleepiness

• Follow your doctor's instructions about any restrictions on food, beverages, or activity.
• Get emergency medical help if you have signs of an allergic reaction: hives; difficult breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat.
• This medicine is not recommended for use in breastfeeding women unless necessary.

Vitamin B12 is used in the treatment of vitamin B12 deficiency.

Vitamin B12 is a nutrient which the body requires in small amounts to make red blood cells, generate energy, and keep nerve cells healthy.

• Symptoms of Vitamin B12 Deficiency
• Weakness, tiredness, or lightheadedness
• Anemia
• Heart palpitations and shortness of breath
• Pale skin
• A smooth tongue
• Constipation, diarrhea, loss of appetite, or gas 
• Nerve problems like numbness or tingling, muscle weakness, and problems walking
• Vision loss
• Mental problems like depression, memory loss, or behavioral changes 

• Most people can prevent vitamin B12 deficiency by eating enough meat, poultry, seafood, dairy products, and eggs.
• If you don't eat animal products, or you have a medical condition that limits how well your body absorbs nutrients, you can take vitamin B12 in a multivitamin or other supplement and foods fortified with vitamin B12.

Vitamin C consists of a water-soluble vitamin known as vitamin C. Vitamin C is also known as L-ascorbic acid or ascorbate.  It occurs as a white or slightly yellow crystal or powder with a slightly acidic taste. On exposure to light, it gradually darkens. In the dry state, it is reasonably stable in air, but in solution, it rapidly oxidizes.

• Vitamin C helps in the growth and repair of tissues of bones, cartilage, tendons, skin, hair, muscles and many more.
• Along with that, it helps in wound healing and also enhances the absorption of iron in our body.
• Excess of free radicals can speed up the ageing process, vitamin C due to its rich antioxidant properties help to reduce the harmful effects of these free radicals. Vitamin C is very crucial for bone and teeth health.
• It improves vision and also regulates blood cholesterol levels.
• Owing to its numerous benefits, it is very important to take an adequate amount of vitamin C in your diet.

Possibly Effective for

• An eye disease that leads to vision loss in older adults (age-related macular degeneration or AMD).
• Irregular heartbeat (atrial fibrillation). Taking vitamin C before and for a few days after heart surgery helps prevent irregular heartbeat after heart surgery.
• Emptying the colon before a colonoscopy.
• Limb pain that usually occurs after an injury (complex regional pain syndrome). 
• Skin redness caused by injury or irritation (erythema). Using a skin cream containing vitamin C might decrease skin redness following laser resurfacing for scar and wrinkle removal.
• Airway infections caused by exercise. Using vitamin C before heavy physical exercise, such as a marathon, might prevent upper airway infections that can occur after heavy exercise.
• Swelling (inflammation) of the stomach (gastritis). Some medicine used to treat H. pylori infection can worsen stomach inflammation. Taking vitamin C along with one of these medicines called omeprazole might decrease this side effect.
• A condition in which red blood cells are broken down faster than they are made (hemolytic anemia). Taking vitamin C supplements might help manage anemia in people undergoing dialysis.
• High cholesterol. Taking vitamin C might reduce low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in people with high cholesterol.
• Lead poisoning. Consuming vitamin C in the diet seems to lower blood levels of lead.
• Osteoarthritis. Taking vitamin C from dietary sources or from calcium ascorbate supplements seems to prevent cartilage loss and worsening of symptoms in people with osteoarthritis.
• Pain after surgery. Taking 2 grams of vitamin C by mouth one hour before surgery might reduce pain and the need for opioid pain relievers after surgery. 
• Wrinkled skin. Skin creams containing vitamin C seem to improve the appearance of wrinkled skin. A vitamin C patch also seems to help reduce wrinkles.

Get emergency medical help if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction: hives; difficult breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat.

Stop using Vitamin C and call your doctor at once if you have:

• Joint pain, weakness or tired feeling, weight loss, stomach pain;
• Chills, fever, increased urge to urinate, painful or difficult urination; or
• Severe pain in your side or lower back, blood in your urine.

Common side effects may include:

• Heartburn, upset stomach; or

• Nausea, diarrhoea, stomach cramps.

• Transient mild soreness may occur at the site of intramuscular or subcutaneous injection.
• Too-rapid intravenous administration of the solution may cause temporary faintness or dizziness.
• Although vitamin C is generally considered safe, high doses can cause adverse effects, including heartburn, nausea, headaches, stomach cramps, and diarrhoea.
• Vitamin C is not stored in the body. If you take more than you need, the extra vitamin C will pass into your urine.
• Very large doses may also interfere with tests for sugar in diabetics and with tests for blood in the stool.

• Vitamin D (ergocalciferol-D2, cholecalciferol-D3, alfacalcidol) is a fat-soluble vitamin that helps your body absorb calcium and phosphorus. Having the right amount of vitamin D, calcium, and phosphorus is important for building and keeping strong bones.
• Vitamin D is made by the body when skin is exposed to sunlight. Sunscreen, protective clothing, limited exposure to sunlight, dark skin, and age may prevent getting enough vitamin D from the sun. 

• Vitamin D is used to treat and prevent bone disorders (such as rickets, osteomalacia).
• Vitamin D with calcium is used to treat or prevent bone loss (osteoporosis).
• Vitamin D is also used with other medications to treat low levels of calcium or phosphate caused by certain disorders (such as hypoparathyroidism, pseudohypoparathyroidism, familial hypophosphatemia). 
• It may be used in kidney disease to keep calcium levels normal and allow normal bone growth. 
• Vitamin D drops (or other supplements) are given to breast-fed infants because breast milk usually has low levels of vitamin D.

• At normal doses usually has no side effects. 
• Too much vitamin D can cause harmful high calcium levels. Tell your doctor right away if any of these signs of high vitamin D/calcium levels occur: nausea/vomiting, constipation, loss of appetite, increased thirst, increased urination, mental/mood changes, unusual tiredness.

• Before using this medication, tell your doctor or pharmacist your medical history, especially of: high calcium/vitamin D levels (hypercalcemia/hypervitaminosis D), difficulty absorbing nutrition from food (malabsorption syndrome), kidney disease, liver disease.
• Liquid products, chewable tablets, or dissolving tablets may contain sugar and/or aspartame. Liquid products may also contain alcohol. Caution is advised if you have diabetes, liver disease, phenylketonuria (PKU), or any other condition that requires you to limit/avoid these substances in your diet. 

• Vitamin E is essential to the normal functioning of the human body. It plays a central role in your immune system and functions as an antioxidant, neutralizing free radicals that damage cells at the genetic level.
• Vitamin E is fat-soluble, meaning that it is dissolved in fat and able to be stored in the liver and fatty tissues of the body.
   

• Vitamin E acts as an antioxidant (i.e., an inhibitor of oxidation processes) in body tissues. It protects unsaturated fats in the body from oxidation by peroxides and other free radicals.  It also acts as an protection of polyunsaturated fatty acids, cell membranes.
• The vitamin is used commercially as an antioxidant to retard the rancidification of fats, especially vegetable oils.
• Vitamin E aids in the transmission of electrical signals between nerve cells (neurons) of the brain and body.
• Vitamin E is integral to eye health, aiding in the self-repair of the retina, cornea, and uvea (the pigmented portion of the eye).
• Vitamin E can aid in scar healing by hydrating the skin, inhibiting collagen production, and reducing inflammation that can lead to tissue damage.
   

Vitamin E supplements rarely cause any harm if taken at the recommended daily dose.
But sometimes lower doses can trigger side effects like

•  nausea,
•  vomiting,
•  stomach pain,
•  diarrhea.
•  Slow down blood clotting

• Vitamin E deficiency is considered rare in the developed world, except in premature babies with low birth weight or in people with rare genetic disorders such as abetalipoproteinemia or ataxia with vitamin E deficiency.
• VitaminE can neither treat nor prevent liver disease but may help slow its progression.
• VitaminE can slow blood clotting and may need to be avoided in people taking blood thinners like Coumadin (warfarin) or Plavix (clopidogrel).
• VitaminE supplements should also be avoided in people with a history of heart attacks, stroke, bleeding disorders, or head and neck cancers.
• VitaminE supplements are presumed to be safe during pregnancy and breastfeeding.

Biotin is a B complex vitamin used as a nutritional supplementation for dietary shortage or imbalance which may cause hair loss or total alopecia, brittle nails, skin rash in infants, and mild depression.

Biotin is a form of vitamin B that provides essential nutrients.

Major & minor side effects for Biotin

• Hypersensitivity
• Stomach discomfort and pain
• Skin rash

This medicine is considered safe for consumption by pregnant and breastfeeding women.

Use of this medicine in children should be done only under your doctor's supervision.

The effect of therapy with Biotin may occur 3 to 6 months after starting the therapy.

Dialysis patients may require a higher dose due to drug removal during dialysis.

• Folic acid is the synthetic form of folate, which is a naturally occurring B vitamin. Folate helps make DNA and other genetic material. It is especially important in prenatal health.
• Folate, also called vitamin B-9, is a B vitamin that naturally occurs in certain foods. Folic acid is the form of folate that manufacturers add to vitamin supplements and fortified foods.

• It helps the body make healthy new red blood cells.
• In its deficiency a person can develop anemia, leading to fatigue, weakness, and a pale complexion.
• It leads to folate deficiency anemia.
• Folate is also important for the synthesis and repair of DNA and other genetic material.
• It is particularly important to get during pregnancy. Folate deficiency during pregnancy can lead to neural tube irregularities, such as spina bifida and anencephaly.
• Folic acid is crucial for early fetal development.
• Neural tube irregularities - Taking folic acid supplements before and during pregnancy will help prevent neural tube irregularities in the fetus.
• It may also reduce the risks of preterm birth, heart irregularities, and cleft palate, among other things.
• Depression - Taking folic acid supplements could make depression medications more effective.
• The Office on Women’s Health recommend that women who are or might become pregnant take 400–800 mcg of folic acid per day, and that people with spina bifida or a family history of neural tube irregularities take 4,000 mcg per day. Those who are breastfeeding should aim to take around 500 mcg per day.
• The body absorbs folic acid from supplements and fortified foods better than the folate from naturally occurring foods.

Skin reactions, seizures, gases problem, diarrhea, irritability, confusion, stomach upset, loss of appetite, and hypersensitivity

It is important to note that folic acid can interact with certain medications.

A person should speak to a doctor before taking folic acid if they have any of the following:

• Epilepsy
• Type 2 diabetes
• Rheumatoid arthritis
• Lupus
• Inflammatory bowel disease (ibd)
• Celiac disease

People undergoing kidney dialysis may also wish to avoid taking folic acid.

• Magnesium citrate is an osmotic laxative which comes in a liquid form. It is a combination of the element magnesium that is bound to citric acid.
• Magnesium citrate belongs to group of drugs known as saline laxatives, which work by pulling more water into the colon in order to help the colon empty its contents.

• Magnesium Citrate is used for the treatment of constipation.
• It may be used to treat occasional constipation, acid indigestion, or in prescribed amounts, it is used to help clear the large intestine of stool before a test (such as for a colonoscopy), procedure, or operation on the digestive system.

•  Stomach and intestinal issues like gas, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, andstomach cramping
•  High levels of magnesium in your bloodstream
•  Imbalance in your electrolytes, or levels of minerals and compounds likesodium, potassium, calcium, chloride, and phosphate in your blood

•  If you are allergic to magnesium citrate or any of its inactive ingredients, you should not take magnesium citrate.
•  You should not take magnesium citrate if you are on a low-sodium or restricted-sodium diet.
•  If you suffer from chronic or long-term constipation, you should not take magnesium citrate - it's not safe for daily, long-term, or   frequent treatment of constipation.
• Take it atleast 2 hours after taking other medicines, as it may interfere with the absorption of other medicines.

• Iodine is a chemical element. The body needs iodine but cannot make it. The iodine needed by the body must come from the diet. Iodine helps convert thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) to triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This conversion is important for the thyroid to function properly.
• An iodine imbalance can lead to an overactive or underactive thyroid.

• The thyroid gland needs iodine to make hormones. Lack of iodine can cause an enlarged thyroid gland (goiter), which causes a swollen neck.
• It is also used for treating lumpy breasts (fibrocystic breast disease) and breast pain (mastalgia).
• Iodine deficiency and the resulting low levels of thyroid hormone can cause women to stop ovulating, leading to infertility. Iodine deficiency can also lead to an autoimmune disease of the thyroid and may increase the risk of getting thyroid cancer.
• Iodine is also used for radiation emergencies, to protect the thyroid gland against radioactive iodides.
• Iodine is sometimes applied to the skin for skininflammation and to kill germs and facilitate wound healing.
• It is also used prevent soreness inside the mouth or along the digestive tract, and other conditions, but there is no good scientific evidence to support these uses.
• Iodine is used in the vagina to prevent post-Cesarean swelling of the lining of the uterus. Iodine is also used for water purification.

•  burning mouth/throat, sore teeth/gums, swelling inside the mouth, increased saliva,
•  eye irritation/swollen eyelids,
•  severe headache,
•  swelling of the front of the neck/throat (goiter),
•  signs of decreased thyroid gland function (e.g., weight gain, cold intolerance, slow/irregular heartbeat, constipation, unusual tiredness), confusion,
•  numbness/tingling/pain/weakness of the hands/feet.

Excessive iodine may cause hypothyroidism by feedback inhibition of thyroid hormone production and conversion of triiodothyronine(T3) to less active thyroxine(T4). Use caution in patients with renal impairment. Iodine enters breast milk; use caution if breastfeeding

• Selenium is used in the treatment of natural deficiency.
• Selenium is essential for the conversion of thyroxine (T4) to the biologically active thyroid hormone triiodothyronine (T3) thereby it is important in thyroid hormone functioning.
• Selelium is not produced in the body but is needed for the proper immune system and thyroid function.
• It is found in soil, water and some food.

• Selelium is a powerful mineral. It plays a key role in metabolism and the functioning of the Thyroid glands.
• Selenium has antioxidant properties.
• Selenium is used to cure Prostate cancer.
• Some of the diseases due to deficiency of selelium are HIV, Crohn’s disease.
• It is also used to treat diseases like Asthma, Arthritis, Dandruff and Infertility.

• Selenium deficiency produces biochemical changes that might predispose people who experience additional stresses to develop certain illnesses.
• Side effects may include fingernail loss, skin rash, fatigue, irritability and weight loss.

It is observed that overdose of Selelium may increase the chances of non- melanoma (Skin cancer).

Indicated for use as a supplement to intravenous solutions given for total parenteral nutrition (TPN), to maintain chromium serum levels and to prevent depletion of endogenous stores and subsequent deficiency symptoms.

Chromium helps to maintain normal glucose metabolism and peripheral nerve function. Chromium increases insulin binding to cells, increases insulin receptor density and activates insulin receptor kinase leading to enhanced insulin sensitivity 

Consult your Doctor for the same

Consult your Doctor for the same