Tranexamic acid is used to treat heavy menstrual bleeding in women.

Tranexamic Acid is an anti-fibrinolytic. It works by preventing the breakdown of blood clots to control excessive bleeding during periods, or after surgery.

Major & minor side effects for Tranexamic Acid

• Headache
• Sinusitis like symptoms
• Back pain
• Diarrhea
• Pale skin
• Allergic Skin Reaction
• Muscle or joint pain
• Unusual tiredness and weakness
• Change in color vision
• Difficulty in breathing
• Swelling of face, lips, eyelids, tongue, hands and feet 
• Pain in the chest region
• Dizziness and fainting
• Presence of blood in cough

Use of this medicine by pregnant women is not recommended unless absolutely necessary.

This medicine can be used by women who are breastfeeding as the risk of adverse effects of nursing infants are less.

This medicine is not recommended for use in women who are using hormonal contraceptives (pills, patches, vaginal rings, or injections) as the risk of adverse effects are significantly high.

This medicine is not recommended for use if you have a history of clotting disorders or have an active disorder.

This medicine is not recommended for use if you have a history of any disease where the blood vessels of the eye are obstructed due to clot formation.

This medicine is known to interact with a large number of other medicines that you might be using.

Kojic Acid is found naturally in many species of fungi and is also the byproduct made during the fermentation of Sake.
Kojic acid is an anti-pigmentation medicine. It works by suppressing the formation of melanin, a pigment that gives color to the skin.

• Kojic Acid helps in lightening visible spots marks.
• Kojic Acid serves a number of functions beyond skin brightening.
• Kojic Acid is antibacterial, which explains its frequent presence in acne skincare formulations. Because it acts as a skin lightener, it's an effective ingredient for post inflammation hyperpigmentation that can occur from acne lesions. 

• Dry skin,
• Skin burn,
• Skin peeling,
• Erythema (skin redness)

•  It should always be used along with sun-avoidance measures, like using sunscreens and wearing protective clothing.
•  Avoid getting it in your eyes or mouth. If this happens, rinse with water immediately.
•  Do not apply on broken or infected areas of skin. Discontinue use if you experience irritation or allergy and consult your doctor.
•  If you experience any redness, rashes, irritation or stinging sensation when using Kojic Acid, stop using it immediately and consult your doctor.

Arbutin is used by dermatologists as a topical skin lightening agent for treating hyperpigmentation.

It is categorized as a plant extract and a skin lightening agent.

Aside from skin lightening, arbutin also has antioxidant properties that improve skin texture. It’s also used in anti-aging products because of this characteristic.

Arbutin is derived from the leaves of fruits such as bearberry (uva-ursi), pear and cranberry, and it is sometimes made synthetically.

Skin reaction, irritation

If you are using arbutin in a cream or serum, do not apply the product to your whole face.

If you put an arbutin cream or serum on your whole face, you could lighten up non-affected areas.

 Only apply the arbutin serum to the areas on your face affected by hyperpigmentation, and wash your hands after (you probably should be doing this anyways) so you don’t discolor your hands.

Let your arbutin cream or serum fully dry before you applying your moisturizer.

it’s especially important to wear sunscreen because arbutin makes your skin more sensitive to UV rays.

The whitening effect of Arbutin is not permanent.